ACTIVITIES FOR ALZHEIMER’S WAS ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED BY JOHN SCHMID ON JULY 21, 2009
What are the Best Activities for Alzheimer’s Patients?
Appropriate activities for Alzheimer’s are so important because inactivity is so detrimental.
Holly brought Bernice an adult coloring book. It was at a time when Bernice was beginning to lose her small motor control. Perfectionist that she was, Bernice didn’t feel comfortable doing the coloring, so Holly put it aside, and they visited. A little while later Holly opened the book and started coloring. Soon she asked Bernice, “What color should we make that?” Bernice was happy to offer her opinion. They continued with this cooperative effort, and when the page was complete, Bernice was as proud of it as if she had done it all herself!
How to Choose Activities for Alzheimer’s Disease
Choosing dementia activities isn’t so different from choosing an activity for anyone else. Consider the individual’s interests and abilities. Perhaps he or she was an avid reader but can no longer enjoy a novel or even the newspaper. Picture books with limited text are available. Dementia activity books serve a dual purpose – they exercise the brain while providing a reader with the pleasure of the reading process.
Someone who always kept a garden will likely enjoy helping in the garden or yard, or even keeping some plants in a pot garden. One important consideration is to make the activity no-fail. Never judge (other than to appreciate the process and result).
The following list of activities for Alzheimer’s patients at home is not exhaustive, is in no particular order, and does not take account of stage and individual abilities.
Appropriate activities for Alzheimer’s include:
- Painting or other art or craft projects—art is therapeutic
- Visit an art museum—many now have docents trained to communicate with people with dementia
- Play a game
- Reminisce while looking through an old photo album
- Work a jigsaw puzzle
- Sing along with familiar music (or just enjoy listening)
- Enjoy and react to the beauty of nature in the flesh or even on a TV screen or a nature book. If walking in the woods, for example, is not practical, take a drive.
- Create or work on a Memory Book
- Work out to an exercise video² (keep the level of the exercise appropriate)
- Help with household chores as appropriate—this group of activities for Alzheimer’s in particular will add to your loved ones’ confidence feeling of self-worth and their. Helping around the house will help them to feel productive and that they are a productive part of the family.
- Putting away silverware – a sorting activity that needs to be done daily
- Folding towels
- Drying the dishes
- Setting the table
- Take a walk—walking is great exercise, and exercise is one of the best ways to ease the behavioral symptoms of dementia. Another is diet..
- Help prepare a meal. That may be cutting vegetables, making a salad, or peeling potatoes. Keep the activity appropriate to your loved ones abilities.
- Work out to an exercise video² (keep the level of the exercise appropriate)—once again, exercise is good medicine
- Start a garden, or work in an existing one. Hands in the dirt is good on so many levels. An herb and flower garden is very fulfilling, as is a vegetable garden.
- Rake leaves in the fall. Mulch them and add them to the garden before putting it to bed for the winter.
- Collect and press colorful and interesting leaves.
- Look for interesting pictures in old magazines. Cut them out and put them into a scrapbook.
- Watch TV. (?) Used in moderation and with discretion the TV can be a great tool. It can provide appropriate entertainment. Old movies and TV shows are good but we recommend staying away from the news.
- Play a trivia game—cognitive stimulation that can also provide reminiscence.
- Sweep the floor
- Put groceries away
- Take a trip to the library. Especially good if your library is dementia friendly.
- Create a sorting activity out of household items. Towels of different sizes and/or colors, nuts and bolts, playing cards, coins, socks… The possibilities are endless.
- Write a letter to an old friend, a family member, or an historical or fictional character.
- Spend time with pets—another great therapeutic activity
- Put out a birdfeeder and see who visits. Get a bird book. Learning the names of birds is a cognitive activity
As dementia progresses, some activities may become too difficult. The National Institute on Aging has some suggestions to help you adapt familiar activities that may otherwise not be stage-appropriate.
When choosing activities for Alzheimer’s look for things that stimulate one or more of the senses. Recent research has determined that appropriate sensory stimulation creates and strengthens connections in the brain. It may even be responsible for creating new brain cells. Read more about sensory stimulation here.
Suggest activities, don’t mandate them. Present a puzzle as something your care-receiver might like to do with you. Don’t say, “Today we’re going to do this,” or even, “Doesn’t this look like fun?” You’re likely to get a boisterous, “NO!” No matter how good your activities for Alzheimer’s are, they will do no good if they aren’t done willingly.
A doll makes a terrific activity for many people with dementia, and it provides a good example of how to present an activity.
We strongly suggest that a doll not be given to anyone. Instead, leave the doll sitting on a chair where it will be found easily. This method allows the individual to make the choice to care for the doll rather than feeling the responsibility is being forced upon her. We recommend a similar tactic whenever introducing a new activity. Make it available but let the person in your care choose to participate, and how to participate.
An activity doesn’t require something to be manipulated. activities for Alzheimer’s can be passive; sitting around a table and talking about old times, or talking about what is going on at the moment. Avoid talking about things in the recent past or plans for the future. Alzheimer’s disease first affects that part of the brain that turns experience into memory, so the person with Alzheimer’s disease will likely have no memory of recent events, but old memories are stored in a part of the brain that is affected much later in the disease’s progression. We like to say, “Make your conversations about yesteryear, not yesterday.” Your interaction then becomes Reminiscence Therapy, another activity with proven benefit to those with dementia.
Activity roots us in the present
The part of the brain responsible for logical thought and planning also deteriorates fairly early in the progression, making conversations about future events difficult and frustrating. Too often during visits in memory care communities we have overheard conversations containing questions like, “What are you going to do tomorrow?” or “What did you have for lunch?” Such questions are invariably confusing and frustrating. Activity is important because it stimulates. Depending on the activity, the brain is stimulated, the muscles and circulatory system are stimulated, the senses and imagination are stimulated.
Another aspect of activity that makes it such a powerful tool for the caregiver is that it keeps us rooted in the present. We do activities now. Admiring a piece of art is a good example. When we watch a movie, we have to remember what happened at the beginning of the movie to make sense of the end. When we look at a piece of art, it affects us in the present. Short term memory is not required. The ability to follow a plot is not needed. As a matter of fact, enjoying great art is proving to be very therapeutic for people with dementia. (Creating art is also great therapy, incidentally.)
In selecting activities for an individual with dementia, find things you think will pique his interest. It helps to know a little about the person; his history, his interests. If the person you are providing activity for is a family member, that should be easy.
If you are a professional caregiver, working in a community setting or making home visits, you may have to do a little homework. The individual you are providing care for will likely not be able to tell you much about himself initially, so, whenever possible, talk to his family and his friends — anyone who knew him when he was younger. As you get to know him, you will find that he will reveal things about himself; perhaps as you “reminisce” with him or as something otherwise stimulates a memory.
Music is a terrific therapy for anyone.
Music is King!
For most of us, music is a good trigger for reminiscing. An “oldie” on the radio has the power to transport us immediately back to a high school dance (remember sock-hops?), a first date (remember… of course you do), or a particularly memorable vacation. A funny thing about music is that it usually stirs up good memories, memories of happy times. There are exceptions, but this peculiarity is what makes reminiscence therapy such a good tool for us as caregivers to keep in our back pocket.
Very often, an individual in the later stages of Alzheimer’s disease who is non-verbal and seemingly unresponsive will break into song, while listening to a familiar old standard. Often, that person will get all the words right as well as the tune. More importantly, her eyes will open; she will smile, and her whole being will be rejuvenated. If you are fortunate to ever witness such a music-inspired “resurrection” I promise you it will not only make your day; as a caregiver it will make your month! Maybe even your year!! You can see a video of just such a remarkable transformation on our music as therapy page.
Age- and Stage- Appropriate Activities for Alzheimer’s
One of our jobs as caregiver for a person with dementia is to be creative, innovative, and resourceful. Activity can be found everywhere. What we often consider to be chores can be beneficial and enjoyable activities. Activities like sorting socks, folding towels and drying and putting away the silverware not only provide stimulation but make a person feel he is contributing. Activity that provides a sense of purpose is some of the best activity.
Almost any activity can be modified from one that is not an age- and stage-appropriate activity for Alzheimer’s disease to one that is. Washing, drying, and folding the laundry will eventually become folding laundry and putting it away, which then becomes folding the towels, etc. Keeping the people in your care active will improve their quality of life and will also make your job easier and more rewarding. It is very important to keep activities stage-appropriate, or the activity is likely to become frustrating, defeating the purpose altogether.
Age-appropriateness is the qualifier that often goes with stage-appropriateness, but it’s a little trickier to qualify an activity as age-appropriate. A stage-appropriate activity is one that an individual is able to do. When a 500 piece puzzle becomes too difficult to complete, that puzzle is no longer appropriate for the stage of Alzheimer’s disease that person has reached. A 100 or 50 piece puzzle becomes more appropriate, and can provide the same amount and quality of stimulation.
An age-appropriate activity is one that is designed to meets the needs and appeal to the sensibilities of a person who has attained a certain level of maturity, a level that is tied closely to chronological age. With Alzheimer’s disease, this tie to chronological age goes out the window.
Of the two, stage-appropriateness is more important
A study done at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, was designed to investigate the effects of activity on behavior in people with Alzheimer’s disease. The investigators found that both age- and stage-appropriate activities lessened agitation and negative emotions, and increased positive emotion. They also concluded that, “Stage-appropriate activity was superior to age-appropriate activity in increasing positive emotion and had about the same effect in reducing negative emotion and agitation,” so be careful not to let your own appraisal of age-appropriateness influence you too much when choosing an activity.
So what is not activity? Even our broad take on “activity” excludes things like Aromatherapy and Light Therapy. But these are both beneficial and can be “played in the background” so to speak. Put a full-spectrum light on the table while playing a game or working a puzzle, and get the light’s added benefit. Put some lavender oil in a diffuser while watching a calming video or listening to music to get ready for sleep.
A Passive Activity?
Listening to music can appear to be a passive activity, but that’s not necessarily the case. All kinds of activity accompanies this past-time. Most obvious is the toe tapping, finger-snapping, swaying in rhythm, and singing that so many of us enjoy, at least when we think no one is watching. Less conspicuous are a number of creative and cognitive acts that music inspires deep in our brains. The act of reminiscing is certainly one of these.
In our context of dementia care the act of reminiscence is crucial, and music is one of our most effective tools to inspire memories. Play the music that the person in your care listened to when he or she was younger if you know what that is. Otherwise, choose music that was popular when that person was twenty to thirty-five years old.
An eighty-five year old man would probably have the strongest emotional connection to music that was popular in the forties and early fifties. The big bands, jazz, male vocalists like Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole, and the ladies like Dinah Shore and the Andrews Sisters dominated the music of this era, but it was not the only music.
The music of the forties continued into the fifties, but that decade also ushered in a resurgence of American folk music and the birth of rock-and-roll.
Music can become even more active when we start singing as a group, keeping time by slapping hands on the table or drums, if you have drums. If you are in a group, hand out tambourines, rattles, and anything else that can be used to provide percussive accompaniment and get everyone moving. In fact, music can be one of the most beneficial activities for Alzheimer’s disease. Read more about music therapy. Enjoying music certainly ranks high on our list of activities for Alzheimer’s.
Related Research
Activities for Alzheimer’s
- Benjamin P. Sobel; Bingo vs. physical intervention in stimulating short-term cognition in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2001; 16; 115.
- Laura H.P. Eggermont and Erik J.A. Scherder; Physical activity and behaviour in dementia: A review of the literature and implications for psychosocial intervention in primary care.Dementia 2006; 5; 411.
- Rebecca Rosenberg. Experts prescribe children’s toys for Alzheimer’s patients. Columbia News Service.
Trackbacks & Pingbacks
[…] in hand with your motor skills. This requires an intricate process in the brain, which is proven to delay or prevent dementia in the […]
[…] in hand with your motor skills. This requires an intricate process in the brain, which is proven to delay or prevent dementia in the […]
[…] in hand with your motor skills. This requires an intricate process in the brain, which is proven to delay or prevent dementia in the […]
[…] If you’re looking for something a bit more appropriate for someone with dementia, I suggest taking a look at Memories Coloring Books, coloring books for adults (including books with muscle cars, dogs, fruit and veggies, boats, etc.) through Zest Dementia & Aged Care, or learning more about creative activities in dementia care through Best Alzheimer’s Products. […]
[…] If you’re looking for something a bit more appropriate for someone with dementia, I suggest taking a look at Memories Coloring Books, coloring books for adults (including books with muscle cars, dogs, fruit and veggies, boats, etc.) through Zest Dementia & Aged Care, or learning more about creative activities in dementia care through Best Alzheimer’s Products. […]
[…] If you’re looking for something a bit more appropriate for someone with dementia, I suggest taking a look at Memories Coloring Books, coloring books for adults (including books with muscle cars, dogs, fruit and veggies, boats, etc.) through Zest Dementia & Aged Care, or learning more about creative activities in dementia care through Best Alzheimer’s Products. […]
[…] Read more about why appropriate activity is an essential part of Alzheimer’s and dementia care. […]
[…] Read more about why appropriate activity is an essential part of Alzheimer’s and dementia care. […]
[…] Read more about why appropriate activity is an essential part of Alzheimer’s and dementia care. […]
[…] Thank you for your email through our blog. It sounds like you have your hands full. It can be very frustrating to hear the same questions over and over again, but try to be patient and remind yourself that your mother in law doesn’t remember that she has just asked you a question as the part of her brain that creates memories is failing. It will also help to keep her engaged in activities that she can do. If she is actively engaged, she will be happier and it will make your job as a caregiver much easier. Learn more about the importance of activities here: https://best-alzheimers-products.com/activities-for-alzheimers.html. […]
[…] Thank you for your email through our blog. It sounds like you have your hands full. It can be very frustrating to hear the same questions over and over again, but try to be patient and remind yourself that your mother in law doesn’t remember that she has just asked you a question as the part of her brain that creates memories is failing. It will also help to keep her engaged in activities that she can do. If she is actively engaged, she will be happier and it will make your job as a caregiver much easier. Learn more about the importance of activities here: https://best-alzheimers-products.com/activities-for-alzheimers.html. […]
[…] Thank you for your email through our blog. It sounds like you have your hands full. It can be very frustrating to hear the same questions over and over again, but try to be patient and remind yourself that your mother in law doesn’t remember that she has just asked you a question as the part of her brain that creates memories is failing. It will also help to keep her engaged in activities that she can do. If she is actively engaged, she will be happier and it will make your job as a caregiver much easier. Learn more about the importance of activities here: https://best-alzheimers-products.com/activities-for-alzheimers.html. […]
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I love your products but the Bingo study baffles me. I find traditional Bingo is quickly too difficult for individuals living with dementia. They amount of visual tracking overwhelms them. I will have to access the study to better understand the stage specificity. Thought provoking, thank you.
I have created a coloring book specifically for dementia patients, anyone with vision problems or hand control issues – it has larger spaces and bold lines that are easy to see and easier to stay inside. Simple Kaleidoscopes: Easy to Color Designs – An Adult Coloring Book With Bold Lines and Larger Spaces
For anyone with attention problems, I also published the book in half size so the pages could be finished in a shorter span. Pocket Kaleidoscopes: A Travel Size Mini Adult Coloring Book
Both books are available on Amazon.
My husband’s Rotary Club run a “Memory Cafe” once a month for people with demenia, either in homes or being looked after in their own home.
I would very much like you to email me all the relevant info on activities that we can provide for them.
We have music, bingo, simple quizzes, memorabilia etc. and I have now bought a Colouring for Grown Ups book and some coloured pencils.
Unfortunately I cannot get the info to print so if you could email me I can then print it off.
Thank you so much.
My husband’s Rotary Club run a “Memory Cafe” once a month for people with demenia, either in homes or being looked after in their own home.
I would very much like you to email me all the relevant info on activities that we can provide for them.
We have music, bingo, simple quizzes, memorabilia etc. and I have now bought a Colouring for Grown Ups book and some coloured pencils.
Unfortunately I cannot get the info to print so if you could email me I can then print it off.
Thank you so much.
My husband’s Rotary Club run a “Memory Cafe” once a month for people with demenia, either in homes or being looked after in their own home.
I would very much like you to email me all the relevant info on activities that we can provide for them.
We have music, bingo, simple quizzes, memorabilia etc. and I have now bought a Colouring for Grown Ups book and some coloured pencils.
Unfortunately I cannot get the info to print so if you could email me I can then print it off.
Thank you so much.