Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Statistics

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Statistics: Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

A Fact Sheet

Published By the Alzheimer Society of Canada

Fact Sheet

Stages and Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease

Treatment of sleep disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease

Susan M. McCurryb, Charles F. Reynolds, Sonia Ancoli-Israeld, Linda Terib, and Michael V. Vitiello

Sleep Medicine Reviews Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2000, Pages 603-628

Activities for People with Alzheimer’s Disease

“I Know What I Like”: Stability of aesthetic preference in alzheimer’s patients

Andrea R. Halperna, Jenny Lyb, Seth Elkin-Frankstonb and Margaret G. O’Connor
Psychology Department, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, 17837, USA

Brain and Cognition,Volume 66, Issue 1, February 2008

The Pablo Picasso Alzheimer’s Therapy

By RANDY KENNEDY

The New York Times; October 30, 2005

Art Awakens Alzheimer’s Patients’ Minds

Bill Blakemore

ABC News; July 2, 2006

Age-or stage-appropriate? Recreation and the relevance of Piaget’s theory in dementia care

Alison E. J. Mahoney

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2003; 18; 24

Bingo vs. physical intervention in stimulating short-term cognition in Alzheimer’s disease patients

Benjamin P. Sobel

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2001; 16; 115

Memories in the Making&#169: Outcome-based evaluation of an art program for individuals with dementing illnesses

Clarissa A. Rentz

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2002; 17; 175

Physical activity and behaviour in dementia: A review of the literature and implications for psychosocial intervention in primary care

Laura H.P. Eggermont and Erik J.A. Scherder

Dementia 2006; 5; 411

The use of Piaget’s theory in Alzheimer’s disease

Julia McGregor Thornbury

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 1993; 8; 16

Experts prescribe children’s toys for Alzheimer’s patients

Rebecca Rosenberg

Columbia News Service

Dolls ‘help Alzheimer’s patients’

BBC News|Health, July 8, 2006

A randomised pilot study to assess the efficacy of an interactive, multimedia tool of cognitive stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease

L T&#225rraga, M Boada, G Modinos, A Espinosa, S Diego, A Morera, M Guitart, J Balcells, O L L&#243pez and J T Becker

J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2006;77;1116-1121;

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Sensory Stimulation

Sensory stimulation in dementia: An effective option for managing behavioural problems

Alistair Burns, Jane Byrne, Clive Ballard,Clive Holmes.

BMJ 2002;325(7376):1312 (7 December), doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7376.1312

Light Therapy and Alzheimer’s Disease

by Mariana Gross Figueiro, MSc, Mark S. Rea, PhD; and Gregory Eggleston

Sleep Review – January-February 2003

Light therapy ‘can slow dementia’

BBC News, Tuesday, 10 June 2008

Effect of Bright Light and Melatonin on Cognitive and Noncognitive Function in Elderly Residents of Group Care Facilities

Rixt F. Riemersma-van der Lek, MD; Dick F. Swaab, MD, PhD; Jos Twisk, PhD; Elly M. Hol, PhD; Witte J. G. Hoogendijk, MD, PhD; Eus J. W. Van Someren, PhD

JAMA Vol. 299 No. 22, June 11, 2008

Effect of light therapy upon disturbed behaviors in Alzheimer patients

Yvette L. Rheaume, BSN, RN; Barbara C. Manning, MEd; David G. Harper, MS; Ladislav Volicer, MD, PhD

American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias®, Vol. 13, No. 6, 291-295 (1998)

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Sensory stimulation in dementia

Esme Moniz-Cook and Michael Bird

BMJ 2003;326(7390):661 (22 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7390.661

The effect of sensory stimulation activities on the psychological well being of patients with advanced Alzheimer’s disease

Janet M. Witucki and Renee Samples Twibell

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 1997; 12; 10. DOI: 10.1177/153331759701200103

Sensory stimulation in dementia

Esme Moniz-Cook and Michael Bird

BMJ 2003;326(7390):661 (22 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7390.661

Letter

The effect of sensory stimulation activities on the psychological well being of patients witn advanced Alzheimer’s disease

Janet M. Witucki and Renee Samples Twibell

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 1997; 12; 10. DOI: 10.1177/153331759701200103

Effects of short-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on memory and affective behaviour in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease

E. J. A. Scherdera, A. Boumab and A. M. Steen

Behavioural Brain Research Volume 67, Issue 2, March 1995, Pages 211-219

Effects of peripheral tactile nerve stimulation on affective behavior of patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease

Erik Scherder, PhD Anke Bouma, PhD

American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, Vol. 13, No. 2, 61-69 (1998)

Cerebral Metabolic Response to Passive Audiovisual Stimulation in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy Volunteers Assessed by PET

Pietro Pietrini, Gene E. Alexander, Maura L. Furey, Alessio Darn, Marc J. Mentis, Barry Horwitz, Mario Guazzehhi, Mark B. Schapiro, and Stanley I. Rapoport

Aversive gustatory stimulation activates limbic circuits in humans

David H. Zald, Joel T. Lee Kevin, W. Fluegel, and Jos&#233 V. Pardo

Brain (1998), 121, 1143–1154

Suprachiasmatic nucleus in aging, Alzheimer’s disease, transsexuality and Prader-Willi syndrom

Swaab, Roozendaal, Ravid, Velis, Gooren and Williams

Progress in Brain Research, Vol 72 Chapter 26, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1987

Alternative Therapy

Aromatherapy

Aroma therapy for dementia (Review)

Holt FE, Birks TPH, Thorgrimsen LM, Spector AE, Wiles A, Orrell M

The Cochrane Collaberation

Aromatherapy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Professor Elaine Perry

The Journal of Quality Research in Dementia, Issue 3

Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa.

Ballard CG, O’Brien JT, Reichelt K, Perry EK.

J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Jul;63(7):553-8.

Efficacy of aromatherapy (Lavandula angustifolia) as an intervention for agitated behaviours in Chinese older persons with dementia: a cross-over randomized trial.

Lin PW, Chan WC, Ng BF, Lam LC.

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2007 May;22(5):405-10.

Brief

[The effect of lavender aromatherapy on cognitive function, emotion, and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia]article in Korean

Lee SY.

Taehan Kanho Hakhoe Chi. 2005 Apr;35(2):303-12.

Brief

A controlled trial of aromatherapy for agitation in nursing home patients with dementia.

Snow LA, Hovanec L, Brandt J.

J Altern Complement Med. 2004 Jun;10(3):431-7.

Brief

Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial

S Akhondzadeh, M Noroozian, M Mohammadi, S Ohadinia, A H Jamshidi, M Khani

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2003;74:863-866

Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study

Clive Holmes, Vivienne Hopkins, Christine Hensford, Vanessa MacLaughlin, David Wilkinson, Henry Rosenvinge

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Volume 17 Issue 4, Pages 305 – 308

Can aromatherapy promote sleep in elderly hospitalized patients?

F.E.A. Connell, MB BS; G. Tan, MB BCH, MRCP; I. Gupta, MB BS, MRCP; P Gompertz, MD, FRCP; Professor G. C. J. Bennett, MB, FRCP; J. L. Herzog, BSC, MB BS MPHIL, FRCPSYCH.

Geriatrics TodayJournal of the Canadian Geriatrics Society. 2001; vol. 4(4), pp. 191-195.

Plasma 1,8-cineole correlates with cognitive performance following exposure to rosemary essential oil aroma

Mark Moss , and Lorraine Oliver

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology June 2012 vol. 2 no. 3 103-113

Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Jimbo D1, Kimura Y, Taniguchi M, Inoue M, Urakami K.

Psychogeriatrics. 2009 Dec;9(4):173-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2009.00299.x.

Alternative Therapy

Reminiscence Therapy

Effects of reminiscence group in elderly people with Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia in a community setting

Martin Croucher

Geriatrics and Gerontology International, Volume 7, Number 2, June 2007 , pp. 167-173(7)

Memories of the Past Stirred by Dreamy Melodies

By Angela Lunde

The Epoch Times; Mar 19, 2008

Reminiscence therapy for dementia

Bob Woods, Aimee E Spector, Catherine A Jones, Martin Orrell, Stephen P Davies

The Cochrane Library

Review

Music as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Nicholas R. Simmons-Stern, Andrew E. Budson, and Brandon A. Ally

Journal of Neuropsychologia.2010.04.033

Alternative Therapy

Doll Therapy

A pilot study on the use of dolls for people with dementia

1. Lorna Mackenzie, Ian Andrew James, Rachel Morse, Elizabeta Mukaetova-Ladinska’ F. Katharina Reichelt

Age and Aging. Volume35, Issue 4, pp441-444.

Using dolls to alter behaviour in patients with dementia

Jenny Ellingford, BSc; Ian James, PhD, MSc, BSc, C.Psychol; Lorna Mackenzie, RMN; Lisa Marsland, BSc, MSc

Nursing Times, VOL: 103, ISSUE: 5, PAGE NO: 36-37

Alternative Therapy

Music Therapy

The Effect of Reminiscence Music Therapy Sessions on Changes in Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Persons with Dementia

Sato Ashida, MM, MT-BC

Journal of Music Therapy Article: pp. 170-182 | Abstract Volume 37, Issue 3 (August 2000)

Paper
Abstract

Music Therapy in Moderate and severe dementia of Alzheimer’s Type

H.B. Svansdottir and J. Snaedal: Geriatric Department, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland

International Psychogeriatrics | &#169 2006 International Psychogeriatric Association

The Effect of Background Stimulative Music on Behavior in Alzheimer’s Patients

Naomi Ziv, PhD, Amit Granot, BA, Sharon Hai, BA, Ayelet Dassa, MA, and Iris Haimov, PhD

Journal of Music Therapy Article: pp. 183-195 | Abstract Volume 44, Issue 4 (December 2000)

Quiet Music: An Intervention for Mealtime Agitation

Ann Denney

Journal of Gerontological Nursing Vol. 23 No. 7 July 1997

Relaxing music at mealtime in nursing homes: effects on agitated patients with dementia

Sandee Lynn Hicks-Moore, MN, RN

Journal of Gerontological Nursing Vol. 31 No. 12 December 2005

The Impact of Music Therapy on Language Functioning in Dementia

Melissa Brotons, PhD, MT-BC and Susan M. Koger, PhD

Journal of Music Therapy Article: pp. 183-195 Volume 37, Issue 3 (August 2000)

Relaxing music at mealtime in nursing homes: effects on agitated patients with dementia

Sandee Lynn Hicks-Moore, MN, RN

Age Ageing. 2003 Jul;32(4):407-14

Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at-risk older people: a randomised controlled trial.

Barnett A1, Smith B, Lord SR, Williams M, Baumand A.

Age Ageing. 2003 Jul;32(4):407-14(August 2000)

Memories of the Past Stirred by Dreamy Melodies

By Angela Lunde

The Epoch Times; Mar 19, 2008

Music as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Nicholas R. Simmons-Stern, Andrew E. Budson, and Brandon A. Ally

Journal of Neuropsychologia.2010.04.033

Quality of Life

Not knowing where I am doesn’t mean I don’t know what I like: cognitive impairment and quality of life responses in elderly people

Caroline Godlove Mozley, Peter Huxley, Caroline Sutcliffe, Heather Bagley, Alistair Burns, David Challis, Lis Cordingley

Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1999;14:776-783

Sensory stimulation in dementia

Esme Moniz-Cook and Michael Bird

BMJ 2003;326(7390):661 (22 March), doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7390.661

Letter

Environment and other determinants of well being in older people

M Lawton

The Gerontologist. 1983; 23(4), 349-356

Psychological well being in the aged

Lawton M, Kleban M, DiCarlo E

Research on Aging. 1984; 6(1), 67-97

Exercise as therapy for the Alzheimer’s patient and caregiver: Aggressive action in the face of anaggressive disease

Merry Gllbert McArthur

Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 1988; 3; 36

Delaying or Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease

Relation between smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: The Rotterdam Study

C. Reitz, MD, PhD, T. den Heijer, MD, PhD, C. van Duijn, PhD, A. Hofman, MD, PhD and M.M.B. Breteler, MD, PhD

Preventing Alzheimer’s: Exercise still best bet

By Angela Lunde

Alzheimer’s Blog; March 24, 2008 2:08 p.m

Blog

Exercise Is Associated with Reduced Risk for Incident Dementia among Persons 65 Years of Age and Older

Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH; Li Wang, MS; James D. Bowen, MD; Wayne C. McCormick, MD, MPH; Linda Teri, PhD; Paul Crane, MD, MPH; and Walter Kukull, PhD

Annals of Internal Medicine; 17 January 2006 | Volume 144 Issue 2 | Pages 73-81

Effect of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer Disease

Nicola T. Lautenschlager, MD; Kay L. Cox, PhD; Leon Flicker, MBBS, PhD; Jonathan K. Foster, DPhil; Frank M. van Bockxmeer, PhD; Jianguo Xiao, MD, PhD; Kathryn R. Greenop, PhD; Osvaldo P. Almeida, MD, PhD

JAMA. 2008;300(9):1027-1037.

Leisure Activities and the Risk of Dementia
in the Elderly

Joe Verghese, M.D., Richard B. Lipton, M.D., Mindy J. Katz, M.P.H., Charles B. Hall, Ph.D., Carol A. Derby, Ph.D., Gail Kuslansky, Ph.D., Anne F. Ambrose, M.D., Martin Sliwinski, Ph.D., and Herman Buschke, M.D.

N Engl J Med 2003;348:2508-16.

Chronic distress and incidence of mild cognitive impairment

R. S. Wilson, PhD, J. A. Schneider, MD, P. A. Boyle, PhD, S. E. Arnold, MD, Y. Tang, PhD and D. A. Bennett, MD

NEUROLOGY 2007;68:2085-2092

Moderate consumption of Cabernet Sauvignon attenuates Aß neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Jun Wang, Lap Ho,, Zhong Zhao, Ilana Seror, Nelson Humala, Dara L. Dickstein, Meenakshisundaram Thiyagarajan, Susan S. Percival, Stephen T. Talcott and Giulio Maria Pasinetti

The FASEB Journal. 2006;20:2313-2320.

Resveratrol Promotes Clearance of Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid-{beta} Peptides*

Philippe Marambaud1, Haitian Zhao, and Peter Davies

J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 280, Issue 45, 37377-37382, November 11, 2005

Dietary patterns and risk of dementia

P. Barberger-Gateau, PhD, C. Raffaitin, MD, L. Letenneur, PhD, C. Berr, PhD, C. Tzourio, PhD, J. F. Dartigues, PhD and A. Alpérovitch, PhD

NEUROLOGY 2007;69:1921-1930

Conclusion of the study: “Frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish, and omega-3 rich oils may decrease the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease, especially among ApoE {varepsilon}4 noncarriers.”

Fruit and Vegetable Juices and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Kame Project

Qi Dai, MD, PhD; Amy R. Borenstein, PhD; Yougui Wu, PhD; James C. Jackson, PsyD; Eric B. Larson, MD, MPH

The American Journal of Medicine; Volume 119, Issue 9, Pages 751-759 (September 2006)

Fruit and vegetable juices may play an important role in delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s disease, particularly among those who are at high risk for the disease.

A role for docosahexaenoic acid–derived neuroprotectin D1 in neural cell survival and Alzheimer disease

Walter J. Lukiw, Jian-Guo Cui, Victor L. Marcheselli, Merete Bodker, Anja Botkjaer, Katherine Gotlinger, Charles N. Serhan, and Nicolas G. Bazan

The Journal of Clinical Investigation | Volume 115 | Number 10 | October 2005

Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

María M. Corrada, Claudia H. Kawasab, Judith Hallfrischc, Denis Mullerd, Ron Brookmeyere

Alzheimer’s and Dementia |Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 11-18 (July 2005)

Reduced Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Users
of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements

Peter P. Zandi, PhD; James C. Anthony, PhD; Ara S. Khachaturian, PhD; Stephanie V. Stone, PhD;Deborah Gustafson, PhD; JoAnn T. Tschanz, PhD; Maria C. Norton, PhD; Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, PhD; John C. S. Breitner, MD

ARCH NEUROL/VOL 61, JAN 2004

“Conclusion of study: Use of vitamin E and vitamin C supplements in combination is associated with reduced prevalence and incidence of AD. Antioxidant supplements merit further study as agents for the primary prevention of AD.”

Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

María M. Corrada, Claudia H. Kawasab, Judith Hallfrischc, Denis Mullerd, Ron Brookmeyere

Alzheimer’s and Dementia |Volume 1, Issue 1, Pages 11-18 (July 2005)

Dietary Supplementation with Apple Juice Decreases Endogenous Amyloid-%u03B2 Levels in Murine Brain.

Amy Chan and Thomas B. Shea.

Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease |16:1 (January 2009)

Association of Lifetime Cognitive Engagement and Low &#946-Amyloid Deposition

Susan M. Landau, PhD; Shawn M. Marks, BS; Elizabeth C. Mormino, PhD; Gil D. Rabinovici, MD; Hwamee Oh, PhD; James P. O’Neil, PhD; Robert S. Wilson, PhD; William J. Jagust, MD

Arch Neurol. 2012;69(5):623-629. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.2748

Effect of Vitamin E and Memantine on Functional Decline in Alzheimer Disease

Maurice W. Dysken, MD; Mary Sano, PhD; et.al.

JAMA. 2014;311(1):33-44. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.282834

ALzheimer’s Foundation Review

The Neural Architecture of Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memories

Petr Janata

Oxford Journals, Life Sciences & Medicine,Cerebral Cortex, Volume 19, Issue 11, Pp. 2579-2594

Art Therapy

A creative look at dementia

Karen Gram

Vancouver Sun , Wednesday, May 28, 2008

Accupuncture and Herbal Medicine

Effect of Toki-Shakuyaku-San on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease,

Teruyuki Matsuoka, Jin Narumoto, Keisuke Shibata, et al

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 245091, 5 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/245091

Exercise & Physical Therapy

Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces falls in at-risk older people: a randomised controlled trial.

Barnett A1, Smith B, Lord SR, Williams M, Baumand A.

Age Ageing. 2003 Jul;32(4):407-14(August 2000)